Type-writing machine.



N0. 688,0l5. Patented D80. 3, |90l.

' E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(pplicatioxs. led `June 1, 1901.)

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M/LTNESEEE HIS ATTUHNEY Patented Dec. 3, I90I.

E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led June l, 1901.) (No M'odel.)

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No. 688,0!5. Patented Dec. 3, |90I. E. B. CRAM.

TYPE'WRITING'IIAGHINE.

' (Application led June 1, 1901.) (Nn Modal.)

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Patented Dec. 3, |9l.

E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led June 1, 1901.\

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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Patented Dec. 3, I90I.

E. B. (SRAM.4 TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(A'pplication led June 1, 1901.)

5 Sheeis-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

INVE NTnH H15 TTURNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN B. CRAM, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO VYCKOFF, `SEAMANS &BENEDICT, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEWY YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,015, dated December3, 1901.

Application filed June 1,1901. Serial No. 62,683. (No model.)

To all whom t Wwty concern.-

Bo it known that I, EDWIN B. CRAM, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to the carriage mechanism of type-writingmachines; and its objects are to improve the construction and mountingof the paper-carriage, to provide an efcient carriage escapementmechanism, to provide means for locking the keys, so as to prevent typeimpressions from being made one upon another when a line is completed,to provide means for releasing the keys at will from the control of saidlocking mechanism, to improve the margin-gage and bell-strikingmechanism, to provide novel means'operated by the line-space lever fordisconnecting the carriage from its escapement mechanism during theretraction of the carriage to begin a new line, to improve the devicesfor feeding the-paper around the platen, to provide for releasing thepaper from the control of the pressure-rollers, to provide noveladjustable front guides for the paper, and to provide acentrally-arranged front paper-guide which may be thrown into use or outof use, as desired.

My invention consists in certain combinations of devices, features ofconstruction, and arrangements of parts, all as will he hereinafterfully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the concluding claims.

lu the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central sectiontaken longitudinally of a front-strike writing-machine embodying myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a plan, and Fig. 3 a rear elevation, of themachine. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a fragment of the carriage,including means for automatically releasing the carriage from thecontrol of its escapement mechanism at the operation of the linespacelever. Fig. 5 is a plan showing certain details of saidcarriage-.releasin g means. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the platen, apressureroller frame, and a release-lever for the latter. Fig. 7 is arear elevation of the carriage escapement mechanism ,the parts beingshown in normal position. Fig. 8 is a similar view, but showing theposition of the parts at the moment that the type-blow is delivered.Fig. 9 is a perspective detail of a small frame carried by thedog-rocker and an attached spring. Fig. 10 is a plan of the dog-rocker,showing a detent-dog formed integrally thereon. Fig. 11 is a perspectiveview of an adjustable front paper-guide. Fig. 12 is a side elevation,and Fig. 13 a front sectional view, of a bell mechanism. Fig. 14-is aperspective view of a paper-guiding arm, which may be thrown rearwardlyto bear upon the platen or forwardly to a position ofl disuse. Fig. 15is a plan of a key locking mechanism.

In the several views portions of the ma-- chine are omitted or brokenaway, so as to disclose the invention more clearly, and simi-l lar partsare designated by similar numerals of reference.

Upon a fulcrum-rod 1, mounted transversely in the rear portion of therectangular base 2, are pivoted the rear ends of a series of levers 3,bearing at their forward ends keys 4 and connected between their ends bylinks 5 to a series of bell-cranks 6, which are pivoted upon brackets 7,attached to the forward side of a segment 8. The bell-cranks have teeth9, meshing with toothed hubs 10 of forwardlyextending type-bars 11,which are pivoted upon brackets 12, secured upon the front face of asegment 13. The segments are secured at their ends by screws 14 upon theupper portions of a pair of standards 15, erected upon the opposite sidewalls of the base. At their forward ends the type-bars rest upon asegmental pad 16, arranged upon a frame 17, erected upon the base justback of the keyboard.

The type-bars are adapted to swing upwardly and rearwardly and strikeupon the forward side of a traveling cylindrical platen 18. This platenis journaled by means of a shaft 19 in side bars 2O and 21 of acarriage, the latter also comprising front and rear 1ongitudinal bars 22and 23, which are adapted to run upon front and rear fixed rails 24 and25, the former being secured by screws 2G upon cross-bars 27 of theframing and the latter being secured by screws 28 upon a pair ofstandards 29, erected upon the rear por- IOO tion of the base. Saidstandards 29 are surmounted by a narrow cap-plate 30, and said bar27"joins the standards 15 and 28.

Upon the front carriage-bar 22 is formed a forwardly-facing ball-bearinggroove, and upon the front rail 24 is formed a rearwardlyfacingball-bearing groove, said grooves together forming a raceway for aset ofbearingballs 31. The carriage-bar groove is formed with an overhangingportion 32, which rides directly upon the crowns of the balls, while therail is provided with a horizontal step portion 33, which directlyunderlies said overhang 32, thus affording a solid and direct bearingtherefor and contributing to the ease and smoothness of the carriagemovement. The horizontal distance between the wall of thecarriage-groove and the opposite wall of the rail-groove is justsufficient to allow the balls to roll freely without permitting unduevibration of the carriage. The rear carriagebar 23 is provided with arearwardly-facing groove having au overhang 34, similar to the overhang32., and the rear rail 25 is provided with a forwardly-facing groove,having a step 35 underlying the part 34 and similar to the step 33, aset of balls 36 running in the race formed by said grooves.

The carriage is driven by the usual springbarrel 37, and its movementsare controlled by means of an escapement-rack 38, arranged justin rearof the front carriage-bar 22 and meshing with an underlying pinion 39,the latter being connected by the usual shaft 40 with anescapement-wheel 41. The step-bystep movements of this escapement-wheelare under the control of the key-levers 3. Said levers are adapted tobear down a transverse universal bar 42, arranged beneath the levers andhung by links 43 upon the forward ends of rocker-arms 44, fixed upon atransverse rock-shaft 45, which is mounted between opposite ears 46,provided upon the standards 29. About midway of the shaft is mounted arearwardlydirected operating-arm 47 ,carrying at its end a verticalthrust-link 48, whose upper end is pivoted at 49 to one arm 50 of anescapement-pallet pivoted by trunnions 51 between an arm 52 and abracket 53, to which said arm is attached, the bracket being secured byscrews 54 to the under side of the cap-plate 30. Upon the pallet-arm 50is formed a detent-tooth 55, and upon the opposite pallet-arm 56 iscarried a loose vertical tooth or dog 57, which normally engages aworking face 58 of one of the escapementwheel-teeth. Said dog 57 ispivoted at its lower end at 59 to the pallet-arm 56 and is caused by thepressure of the wheel-tooth to bear against a stop-pin 60, mounted inears 61, formed upon said arm 56, which is double, as seen at Fig. 10,the pallet as a whole being fork-shaped, the arm 50 being the shankmember and the arm 56 being divided and forming the prongs. At Figs.7and 8 it will be seen that the teeth of the escapement- Wheel passbetween said prongs, and it will be understood that this dividedconstruction of the pallet is resorted to for the purpose of enablingits pivot to be placed at a point not too remote from the aXis of theescapement- Wheel, the distance from wheel-axis to palletaxis beingpreferably somewhat less than the radius of the Wheel. The purpose ofmounting the dog 57 pivotally is to enable it when withdrawn from thewheel-tooth at the operation of the pallet to vibrate past thewheeltooth under the iniiuence of a leaf-spring 62, one end whereofbears againsta lug 63, formed near the hub of said dog, and the otherend whereof is fastened by a screw 64 to the pallet. The tooth 55 of thepallet is adapted to swing deeply into the'wheel-notches and to engage aface 65, formed at the base of each tooth and cut substantiallyconcentrically with the pallet-axis 51, so that when the type is incontact with the paper on the platen the carriage may be locked againstadvance movement. Said wheel-tooth face 65 is of limited depth, so thatupon the return movement of the pallet its tooth 55 may escape promptlyfrom said face 65 and may thereafter be borne or cammed downwardly bythe wheel-tooth face 58,which extends at such an angle to the arc inwhich said tooth 55 swings as to enable the carriagedriving spring,which is of course acting upon the escapement-wheel, to aid materiallyin forcing back to normal position the pallet, together with itsconnected mechanism, the key-lever, and the type-bar, while at the sametime the carriage is of course advancing, and hence nearly completes itsletter spacing movement by the time the tooth 55 escapes from thewheel-tooth.

The pallet is provided with a draw-spring 66, one end whereof is caughtupon a screw 67, tapped into the lower end of an arm 68, dropped fromthe bracket 53, .and the other end whereof is caught upon a pin 69,forming a portion of a small bracket, the` latter being provided withopposite hooks 70, caught over a pair of bosses 7l, formed upon thepallet, and being also provided with an arm 72,which normally bears upona stop 73,projecting rear wardly from the bracket 53. The pallet-arm 50is provided with a lug 74, which is adapted to contact with a cross-arm75, formed upon the detachable spring-frame, so as to cause the latter'to vibrate as if made in one piece with the pallet. This contact doesnot occur, however, until a portion of the movement of the pallet hasbeen made, so that the opposition of the spring is not felt at the startof the key-stroke, thus tending to improve the touch of the keys.Moreover, it will be noted at Fig. 3 that the points 67, 69, and larenearly in line, so that the spring at first is pulling almost at adead-center, and hence offers very little resistance to the initialmovement of the spring frame or pallet, while during the remainder ofthe movement of the pallet the pin 69, over which the upper end of thespringis caught, is swung considerably to one side, thereby giving thespring a much l'OO greater leverage upon the pallet, so that at l causesa rocking movement of said arms 95 the completion of the initial strokeof the mechanism,when the springismost distended, it also has thegreatest purchase, and thus aids materially in starting back to normalposition both the pallet and its operating mechanism. Thus it will beseen that at the beginning of the key-stroke the spring 66 is notaected,but that during said stroke it is easily picked up, and then oersgradually-increasing resistance to the keys, thus cushioning the keyaction at the last portion of the stroke and imparting an agreeabletouch thereto.

Extending longitudinally of the platen and arranged forwardly thereofand over the typebar system is a bar 76, upon which is mounted a slide77, having both a bell-ringing cam 78 and a line-locking abutment 79.The slide may be adjusted along the bar and is provided with the usualspring-pressed dog 8O for engaging a rack 80, formed upon the rear edgeof the bar 76. A yielding abutment 81 for coaction with both thebell-ringing cam 78 and the line-locking abutment or jog 79 is mountedupon a bar 82, the latter forming the front portion of thecarriage-frame and being carried upon the forward ends of extensions 20and 2liL of the end bars of the carriage, said extensions overhangingthe rackbar 76. A bell 83 is mounted by a stem 84 upon a horizontaltie-bar 85, extending from the standard 15 at the left-hand side of themachine forwardly to the pad-carryin g frame 17. A clapper 86 is pivotedat 87, Fig. 12, upon a bracket 88, secured by a screw 89, Fig. 2, tosaid tie-bar 85, and is also provided with a heel 90, with whichcontacts an arm 91, fixed upon the left-hand end of the rackbar 76, thelatter being journaled between pivot-screws 92, tapped into oppositearms 93, rising from the standards 15 of the framework. lVhen thecarriage-abutment 81 rides upon the cam 78, said cam is forced down, andthe rack-bar 76 is thereby caused to rock upon the pivots 92, the arm91, fixed upon said rack-bar, being swung rearwardly and acting upon theheel 90 of bell-clapper, causing the latter to rise. lVhen saidcarriage-abutment 81 escapes over the end of the cam 78, and hencereleases the rack-bar, the latter is permitted to rock back to normalposition, and

the clapper falls and rings the bell.

The carriage-abutment 8l is also intended to engage the abutment 79 uponthe adjustable slide 77, and thereby during a movement of the carriageto cause an endwise movement of the said bar 76, the latter beingadapted to slide as well as rock upon the screws 92. The purpose of thesliding movement of the rack-bar is to lock the type-operating keys,this being eifected by means of arms .94,which extend downwardly fromeach end ofthe rackbar and have a slotted engagement with horizontalrocker-arms 95, the latter being secured upon the upper ends ofrock-shafts 96, mounted upon the standards 15. The described endwisemovement of the rack-bar and shafts 96 in the directions indicated bythe arrows at Fig. 15. Fixed upon the lower ends of said shafts andvibrated thereby are plate-like intercepting-arms 97, which extend to apair of brackets 98, the latter being secured by screws 99 uponinwardly-extending portions 100 of the framework, and being alsoprovided with openings 101, which are closed by the described movementsof the overlying intercepter-arms 97. Said openings 101 lie just beneaththe forward ends of the arms 44, which support the universal bar 42,underlying the key-levers 3, said arms 44 passing freely into saidopenings during the movements of the key-levers and type-bars until suchtime as the intercepterarms 97 are swung in the described manner topositions above said openings and beneath the arms 44, whereby theopenings are closed and the normal operation of the arms 44, and henceof the universal bar 42 and the key-levers,is prevented, thus lockingthe keys and making it impossible to print one letter upon another atthe termination of the line of writing.

Upon the under side of the rack-bar 76 and about midway of its length issecured the rear end of a nger-lever 102, whereby the said rack-bar maybe tipped until the abutment 79, carried thereon, escapes below thecarriage-abutrn ent 81 whereupon therack-bar, being released from thelatter, may slide back to normal position under the influence of theusual sprng,(not shown,) thus returning the rocker-arms 95, shaft 96,and interceptingarms 97 to normal position and uncovering the openings101, so that the arms 44, the universal bar, and the keys are released,and hence the latter may be operated for the purpose of adding a fewmore letters at the end of the line. The said finger-piece 102 isfurther provided with an arm 103, which carries a stop-ii nger 1033,overhanging the front carriage-bar 82, so as to limit the tippingmovement of the lever and rack-bar. If desired, a second linger-lever104, having a. similar stop 105, may be secured upon the left-hand endof the bar 76, as drawn at Fig. 15.

The return movements of the carriage for beginning a new line arelimited by the cooperation of an abutment 106, mounted upon a slide 107,also carried upon the rack-bar 76 and at the right-hand end thereof,with'an abutment 108, mounted upon the right-hand portion of the frontcarriage-bar 82, and it will be understood that when desired the bar 76may be tipped by either lever 102 or 104, so as to depress the abutment106 below the abutment 108 and permit the carriage to be pushed fartherto the right, so that characters may be Written in the margin at thelefthand side of the page.

The line-spacing mechanism comprises a lever or handle 109, pivoted by ascrew 110 upon the carriage-bar 20 and carrying a pawl 111, which isadapted to engage a line-space ratchet-wheel 112 and also to contactwith a IOO IIO

stop-pin 113,Figs. 1 and 3,for preventing overthrow of the line-spacewheel and platen. The return movements of the lever 109 may be variablylimited by an adjustable regulator, usually mounted upon a pin 114,carried upon a projecting carriage-arm 115. In order automatically torelease the carriage from the control of its letter-feeding devices uponthe operation of the line-spacing mechanism, I mountthe rack-bar 38 uponrockerarms 116, which are hinged at 117 upon the grooved bar 22 of thecarriage-frame and are also provided with returning-springs 118, and Ialso connect said rack-bar to the line-spacing lever 109. For thispurpose a hook 119 is caught beneath said rack-bar and pivoted at itsupper end to one arm 120 ofa bent level-,the latter being pivoted at 121upon the carriageframe, and its other arm 122 extending forwardly to aprojection 123, formed upon the line-spacing lever 109, so that when thelatter is vibrated said projection may actuate the forward end of thearm 122, whereby the latter is vibrated upon its pivot 121, and by meansof the hook 119 lifts the rack 38 out of engagement with the pinion 39.

In order to provide for the automatic re-.

engagement of the rack 38 with its pinion upon the arrest of thereturning carriage by the contact of the abutments 108 and 10G, Iarrange between the parts 122 and 123 a v ibratory plate 124, which ispivoted by a pin 125 upon ears 126, rising from a loose bar 127, uponwhich said abutment 108 is mounted, said bar having longitudinal slots128 for engaging pins 129, fixed upon the carriage-bar 82, so as toenable a relative endwise movement between the bars 82 and 127. When theline-space leveris vibrate'd, its projection 12,3 bears down upon thehinged plate 124, and the latter in turn bears down the forward end ofthe lever 122, so as to disengage the rack 38, and upon said contact ofthe stops 106 and 108 at the completion of the return movement of thecarriage the stop-bar 127 is arrested, together with its plate 124,while, owing to the provision of the longitudinal slots 128, thecarriage is enabled to make a further movement, thereby enabling thelinespace-lever projection 123 to escape over the right-hand side of theplate 124, so that said plate is freed, and hence may return to normalposition, together with the arm 122 and the rack 38, connected thereto,the carriage becoming therefore automatically reconnected to itsescapement devices independently of the release by the operator of theline-space lever 109. The carriage itself is finally arrested by theengagement of the pins 129 with thev other ends of the slots 128, andupon the release of the handle 109 the bar 127 is returned to its normalendwise position relatively to the carriage 82 by means of a drawspring130, one end of the latter being connected to the carriage-pin 129 andthe other end to a pin'131, provided upon said bar 127.

The carriage is provided with a paper-shelf 132 and also with adetlector 133, the latter extending for substantially the whole lengthof the platen and being hinged at its rear to a support 134, providedupon the reargrooved bar 23 of the carriage and cu rvin g thenceforwardly beneath the platen and upwardly in front of the same andterminating a short distance below the printing-point. At its rearportion said deflector-plate is provided with openings forpressure-rollers 135, which are mounted upon a shaft 136, and at itsforward portion with openings for pressure-rollers 137,

which are mounted upon a shaft 138. Said shafts arejournaled,vrespectively, in the rear and front ends of cross-arms 139,carried by a hollow shaft or sleeve 140, which is hinged by means of alonger shaft 141, passinglongitudinally therethrough, upon the forwardends of spring-arms 142, whose rear ends are secured by screws 143 uponthe rear grooved bar 23 of the carriage-frame. By means of saidspring-arms and the cross-arm frame all of the pressure-rollers arecaused to bear with the requisite firmness against the platen, and thefeed of the paper around the platen is greatly improved.

Upon the left-hand extended end of the shaft or rod 141 is fixed arelease-lever 144, which is provided with aforwardly-extending finger145, adapted to bear up against an abutment 146, extending inwardly fromthev left-hand carriage-frame bar 21, so that the lever 144 when pressedbackwardly or downwardly works upon the abutment 146 as afulcrum and isenabled to force down the shaft 141, together with the cross-arm frameand pressure-rollers, so as to release the paper and facilitate itsadjustment upon the platen. In order to prevent skewing of the cross-armframe, the right-hand projecting end of the shaft 141 is likewiseprovided with a forwardly-extending finger 147, which bears up againstan abutment 148, provided at the right-hand end of the carriage.

Upon a forwardly-directed T flange or bar 149, formed upon the frontgrooved rail 22 of the carriage-frame, is fitted a sliding block 150,having a set-screw 151 and carrying a spring-arm 152, the latterextending up in front of the platen and vcarrying a smallpressure-roller 153, which is mounted between ears formed upon a leaf154, pivotally attached at 155 to the upper end of the springarm 152. Abent spring 156, riveted at its lower end to the base portion of the arm152, presses at its upper end against said pivoted leaf 154, so as toproduce the requisite pressure of the roller 153 upon the paper. The arm152 carries upon its rear side an upwardlydirected plate 157, upon whoseupper end is xed a curved pressure-plate 158, bearing against the platenand forked at its upper end to embrace the roller 153. The block 150 andits appurtenances may be duplicated at each end of the platen, andeither rmay be slid along the bar 149, so as to accommodate sheets ofdifferent widths.

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ybears upon a squared portion 165 of the shaft 161, whereby the rolleris held in yielding contact with the platen. When the arm 162 is not inuse, it may be swung forwardly to a position overhanging the bar 82 andthereV held by the spring 164, the latter hearing upon the opposite faceof the squared portion 165. The bracket 160 is also provided with anindex 166 for cooperation with the usual letterspace graduations 167,formed upon the mar gin-gage rack 76.

In operation the leading edge of the paper is introduced between theplaten 18 and the rear set of pressure-rollers 135 and led forwardlybetween the deflector 133 and the platen to the pressure-rollers 137,passing' between the latterand the platen and thence up around the frontof the platen,where it is controlled by the pressure-ngers 158 androllers 153. In order to facilitate the introduction and adjustment ofthe paper, the release-lever 144 may be pressed down, so as to cast offthe pressure-rollers 135 and 137. Upon the paper being adjusted thetypekeys 4 are operated and by means of the levers 3, links 5, andsublevers 6 swing the typebars rearwardly to make the type im pressionsupon the paper. At the operation of each key-lever the universal bar 42is forced down and by means of the links 43 pulls down the arms 44,thereby rocking the shaft 45 and swinging upwardly the rear arm 47thereon, so that by means of the link 48 the pallet 50 56 is oscillatedto the Fig. 8 position, the feeding-dog 57 escaping below the point ofone wheel-tooth and swinging against the next tooth. By the said palletmovement the spring 66 is both distended and given a great purchase uponthe pallet, so as to aid in the prompt return of the pallet andconnected parts to normal position. Upon the return stroke of the palletthe detent-tooth 55 works od from the abrupt face 65 of the wheel-toothand engages the oblique face 58, so that the carriage may begin promptlyto advance and aid in the return of the pallet and connected parts tonormal position. At a point near the completion of the line of writingthe carriageabutment 81 engages the cam 78, causing the margin-gagerackbar 76 to vibrate and by means of the arm '91 to operate thebell-clapper, and shortly thereafter the engagement of said abutment -81with the abutment 79 causes an endwise movement of the rack-bar 76 andlocks the keys, as already explained. Having finished the line, theoperator grasps the line-spacing lever 109 and pulls it forwardly,thereby forcing the pawl 111 rearwardly and turning the line-space wheeland platen so as to advance the paper. At the same time the projection123 bears down the trip-plate 124, and the latter in turn operates thelever 122, the arm 120 whereof is elevated and by means of the link 119raises the rack 38 out of mesh with the pinion 39. By the same handle109 the operator pulls the carriage to the right for the beginning of anew line, and upon the contact of the stops 106 and 108 the release ofthe carriage-rack from the control of said handle 109 is automaticallyeffected in the manner already set forth.

Many variations in details of construction and arrangement may be madewithin the scope of my invention.

Certain features disclosed herein and relating to the type action areset forth and claimed in my pending application :tiled April 27, 1901,Serial No. 57,767.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of afront bar 22 thereon having a forwardly-facing groove provided with anoverhanging portion, a front rail 24 having a rearwardly-facing grooveprovided with a step arranged beneath said overhanging portion, a rearbar 23 upon said carriage having a rearwardly-facing groove providedwith an overhanging portion, and a rear carriage-rail 25 provided with acorresponding step portion.

2. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel havingabrupt working faces and sloping working faces 58, a key-operated dog 55pivoted upon an axis parallel with the wheel-axis and adapted to swingat its initial stroke into engagement with an abrupt face 65 and uponits return stroke to engage the sloping face 58.

3. ln a type-writing machine, and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an 'escapementwheel havingslopingfaces 58 and abruptfaces 65, a key-operated pallet whose axis isparallel with the wheel-axis, a dog 55 carried upon said pallet andadapted upon its initial stroke to swing into engagement with the abruptface 65 and upon its return stroke 'to engage the sloping face 58, and apivoted spring-pressed feeding-pawl 57 also carried upon said pallet.

4. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whoseteeth have working edges cornprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces58, a key-operated pallet pivoted upon an axis parallel with thewheel-axis, and forked so as to bestride the wheel, a detent-dog 55formed upon said pallet, a pivoted spacing-dog 57 carried by saidpallet, and a spring 62 for said dog 57.

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5. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whoseteeth have Working edges comprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces58, and a key-operated escapement-pallet pivoted upon an axis parallelwith the wheel-axis and forked so as to bestride the wheel, the distancefrom the pallet-axis to the wheel-axis being less than the radius of thewheel.

6. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whoseteeth have working edges comprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces58, a key-operated pallet pivoted upon an axis parallel with thewheel-axis and forked so as to bestride the Wheel, a detent-dog formedupon said pallet, a pivoted spacing-dog 57 carried by said pallet, and aspring 62 for said dog 57, the latter being carried between the forkedarms of the pallet, and a stop upon the pallet for said dog.

7. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism,the'combination of a power-driven carriage, an escapement-Wheel, akey-operated pallet having dogs for coaction with said escapement-wheel,a frame or arm carried upon said pallet, a spring 66 attached to saidframe or arm, and a fixed stop 73 for said frame or arm.

8. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel, akey-operated pallet and a spring, said pallet having dogs for coactionwith said escapement-wheel, and said spring being idle during the firstpart of the initial stroke of y the pallet and when called into actionbeing caused to have a constantly-increasing leverage upon the pallet,the leverage or purchase of said spring being greatest at the completionof said initial stroke of the pallet.

9. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with ,V a power-driven carriage, and an escapementwheel, ofa key-operated pivoted pallet hav- `ing dogs forfcoperation with saidescapement-wheel, and a draw-spring 66, one end whereof is attached to afixed portion of the machine and the other end whereof is connected tothe pallet at a point which is nearly in line with said attached end andthe axis of said pallet, the connecting-point of said spring to saidpallet being swung during the initial stroke of the pallet so as to givethe spring a greatly-increased purchase for returning the latter towardnormal position.

10. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, thecombination with a power-driven carriage and an escapementwheel, of akey-operated pivoted pallet, and a draw-spring 66, one end whereof isattached to a fixed portion of the machine and the other end whereof isconnected to the pallet at a point which is nearly in line with saidpoint of attachment and the axis of s aid pallet, the connecting-pointof 'said spring to said pallet being swung during the initial stroke ofthe pallet so as to give the spring a great purchase for returning thelatter to,- ward normal position, the working faces of each tooth uponsaid -wheel comprising an abrupt portion and an oblique portion 5S, andthe pallet having a tooth 55 normallydisengaged from the wheel andswinging directly into engagement with said abrupt tooth portion 65.

11. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen anda system of rearwardly-striking type-bars, of a pivoted rack-bar 76arranged forwardly of the platen and over the type-bars, a bar 82provided upon the carriage-frame and arranged forwardly of said rack-bar76, a yielding abutment 81 upon the said carriage-bar, an adjustableslide upon said rack-bar, cam 78 upon said slide, arm 91 carried by saidrackbar, bell-clapper 86 having heel 90 engaged by said arm, and bellS3.

12. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-operating keys, of a universal bar, vibratory arms 44 supportingsaid universal bar, fixed brackets 98 arranged in proximity to saidarms, intercepting-arms 97 arranged in proximity to said Abrackets 98,rock-shafts 96 carrying arms 95,

rack-bar 76 carrying an abutment 79 and having arms 94 for engaging saidarms 95, and means upon the carriage for engaging said abutment andmoving the bar endwise,whereby the arms 95 and shafts 96 are rocked, andthe arms 97 are moved to a position to intercept the arms 44.

In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and a seriesof typeoperating keys, of'a universal bar, arms operated by saiduniversal bar, intercepting devices 97 mounted upon rock-shafts 96, anendwise-movable rack-bar 7G having means for engaging arms 95 carriedupon said rockshafts, an adjustable abutment 79 on said rack-bar, andmeans upon the carriage for engaging said abutment so as to move the barendwise and cause the device 97 to intercept said universal-bar arms.

14. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and aseries of typeoperating keys, of a universal bar supported uponvibratory arms 44, xed brackets 98 having openings directly in the pat-hof said arms 44, intercepting devices 97 arranged between said bracketsand said arms 44, rock-shafts 96, bar 76 having means for engaging arms95 carried upon said rock-shafts 96, and means controlled by thecarriage for moving said bar.V

15. In a type-Writing machine, the combination With a carriage, a seriesof type-bars and a series of key-levers connected thereto, of auniversal bar arranged beneath the keylevers, vibratory arms operated bysaid universal bar, shafts 96 having means for intercepting said arms,and means controlled by ICO IIO

the carriage for rocking said shafts, and thereby causing saiduniversal-bar arms to be intercepted.

16. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen, acarriage, and a series of type-bars, of a series of levers connected tothe type-bars, a universal bar, a pair of arms operated by the universalbar, a pair of intercepting devices, a pair of shafts upon which saidintercepting devices are mounted, a movable bar arranged forwardly ofthe platen and having means for rocking said shafts, and means upon thecarriage for moving said bar.

7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-operating keys, of a universal bar, vibratory arms 44 supportingsaid universal bar, fixed brackets 98 having openings directly beneathsaid arms, intercepting devices 97 arranged between said brackets andsaid universal-bar arms, rockshafts 96 carrying arms 95, rack-bar 76carrying an adjustable abutment and also having means for engaging saidarms 95, means upon the carriage for engaging said abutment, and meansfor releasing said rack-bar from the control of said carriage.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-operating keys, of a universal bar supported upon vibratory arms44, fixed brackets 98 having openings directly beneath said arms 44,interceptingarms 97 arranged between said brackets and said arms 44,rock-shafts 96, rack-bar 76 having means for engaging arms 95 carriedupon said rock-shafts 96, means for enabling the carriage to move saidrack-bar endwise, and a forwardly-extending finger-piece secured uponsaid rack-bar for tipping the latter so as to release it from thecontrol of said carriage.

19. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen, ofa carriage having a bar 82 arranged forwardly of the platen, a stop 108carried upon said bar, a rack-bar 76 arranged in rear of said bar 82 andhaving an adjustable stop 106 for coaction with said abutment 108 tovariably limit the return movements of the carriage, and a finger-piecefor tipping said rack-bar 76 so as to release the carriage-stop 108 fromthe stop 106.

20. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen anda carriage, of an escapement-rack hinged upon the carriage, a leverpivoted upon the carriage and connected by a link to said rack, andextending forwardly of the platen, a line-space mechanism includingalever 109 having means for 0perating said rack-releasing lever, andmeans, including abutments 106, 108, for automatically releasing saidrack 38 from the control of said lever 109.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and acarriage, of an escapement-rack 38 hinged upon the carriage, a lever-arm122 connected to said rack, a linespacing mechanism including a lever109, a trip-plate 124 arranged between said arm 122 and a projection123. carried upon` the lever 109, an endwise-movable bar 127 mountedupon the carriage and pivotally supporting said trip-plate 124, anabutment 108 upon said bar 127, an adjustable abutment 106, and areturning-spring 130 connected to said bar 127.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen, of twosets of pressurerollers mounted upon a frame, said frame being pivotedupon the free ends of a pair of springs secured to the carriage, theaxis of said pivot lying between said sets of pressurerollers, so thatsaid springs cause all of said rollers to bear against the platen.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen, of twosets of pressurerollers mounted upon a pair of arms 139, said arms beingpivoted by means ot' a shaft 141 upon the free ends of a pair ofspring-arms, and means fixed upon said shaft 141 for moving thepressure-rollers away from the platen.

24. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a platen, of twosets of pressurerollers mounted upon a pair of arms 139, said arms beingpivoted by means of a shaft 141 upon the free ends of a pair ofspring-arms, release-lever 144 and fingers 145, 147 fixed upon saidshaft 141, and abutments 146 and 148.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and acarriage, of a pair of spring-arms 142 fixed lupon the carriage, asleeve 140 pivotally mounted upon said springarms by means of a shaft141, cross-arms 139 carried upon the ends of said sleeve 140,pressure-rollers 135, 137 carried between said arms 139, lever 144 fixedupon said shaft 141, fingers 145, 147, and abutments 146 and 148.

26. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen anda carriage, of a bar upon the carriage, a sliding block 150 fitted uponthe bar and having a set-screw 151, a spring-arm 152 carried by saidblock and extending up in front of the platen, a pressure-roller 153mounted between ears formed upon a leaf 154 pivotally attached to theupper end of said spring-arm 152, and a spring 156 secured to the baseportion of said arm 152 and at its upper end pressing against saidpivoted leaf 154.

27. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen anda carriage, of a bar upon the carriage, a sliding block 150 fitted uponthe bar and having a set-screw 151, a spring-arm 152 carried by saidblock and extending up in front of the platen, a pressure -roller 153mounted between ears formed upon a leaf 154 pivotally attached to theupper end of said spring-arm 152, a spring 15G secured to the baseportion of said arm 152 and at its upper end pressing against saidpivot-leaf 154, an upwardly-directed plate 157 carried upon the rearside of said arm 152, and a curved pressure-plate 158 fixed upon theupper end of said plate 157 and bearing against the platen.

28. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

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combination with a platen and a carriage, of a plate 160 fixed upon thecarriage, a rearwardly-extending arm 162 pivot-ally mounted upon saidplate and carrying a roller 163 for pressing against the upper frontside of the platen, a spring 164 fixed upon the carriage, and means forenabling said spring to hold said arm 162 either in working position orin a position of disuse.

29. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen anda carriage, of a plate or bracket 160 fixed upon the front bar of thecarriage, a rearwardly-extending arm 162 mounted by a shaft 161 in saidplate or bracket and having a squared portion 165, a pressure-roller 163mounted upon said arm 162 for bearing upon the upper Vfront side of theplaten, and a spring 161 secured upon the carriage and adapted to bearupon said squared portion 165.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, this 28th dayof May, A. D. 1901.

EDWVIN B. CRAM. lVitnesses:

K. V. DONOVAN, E. M. WELLS.

